Motorische problemen bij kinderen met ADHD

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) do not only display hyperactive motor behaviour, but half of them are also clumsy when executing motor skills.

Alongside displaying hyperactivity and poor concentration skills, they have difficulty with writing, tying shoelaces, eating properly using fork and knife, and playing games and sports. This is known as dyspraxia or developmental coordination disorder (DCD).

Poor performance in sports and games is, just as ADHD, an important negative predictor of a child’s popularity within the peer group. Children with a combination of ADHD and poor motor performance are doubly disadvantaged.

A dopamine-induced imbalance in the neuronal circuits of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum is a possible cause of ADHD-DCD.

On the basis of family and twin studies, there are also indications that ADHD and DCD have a common genetic background.

In daily practice, DCD receives too little attention during diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.

Screening for motor problems in children with ADHD, followed by referral to a physiotherapist or occupational therapist if necessary, is useful, because treatment with cognitive-oriented and task-oriented physiotherapy can help.